The choice of three blades in modern wind turbines is a balance between efficiency, stability, and cost. Technically, turbines can have two, three, or even more blades, but three has proven to be the sweet spot.

Two-bladed turbines are cheaper to build and lighter in weight. They can spin faster and are less costly in terms of materials. However, they suffer from stability issues because they create more vibration and noise, especially when one blade is vertical and the other horizontal. This makes them less durable in the long run.

On the other hand, turbines with four or more blades are more stable and quieter but become heavier and more expensive. The extra blades add drag and do not significantly increase power output, making them less efficient.

Three blades strike the right compromise. They spin smoothly, balance forces evenly, and reduce vibration. They also look aesthetically pleasing, which is an important factor in public acceptance. The aerodynamic design ensures they capture maximum wind energy while keeping the cost reasonable. That’s why almost all modern utility-scale turbines we see across the world today use three blades.

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