Wind turbines are designed to work within a safe wind speed range. If the wind is too weak (below 3–4 meters per second), the blades do not spin enough to generate electricity, so the turbine remains idle. This is known as the “cut-in speed.”

When the wind is moderate and steady, the blades spin at optimal speed, and the turbine generates power efficiently. The system uses blade pitch control (changing the angle of the blades) to capture the best amount of energy from the wind.

If the wind becomes too strong—above 25 meters per second (around 90 km/h or 55 mph)—the turbine shuts down to prevent damage. This is called the “cut-out speed.” Extremely high winds could break blades or overload the generator, so safety systems automatically stop the turbine by turning the blades out of the wind or applying brakes.

This means wind turbines do not always produce power continuously. Their output depends on wind availability. However, modern technology and smart grid systems help balance this variability by storing excess energy or combining wind with other power sources.

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